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Monday 21 January 2013

Traffic volume count can be collected by the following methods:-
  1. Manual counting:- In this method, a field team of enumerators (traffic persons) is deputed to record traffic volume on the prescribed record sheets in a specified period. A sample of the field sheet which is used for traffic counts.
    The main advantage of this method  is that the field team can record the type and direction of vehicles. However, it is not practicable to do manual counting for all the 24 hours of the day and on all days round the year. But this period is commonly used due to its specific advantage over the method of automatic recorders.
  2. Automatic recorders :- In this method, the total number of vehicles crossing at a road intersection in the desired period is automatically recorded by a mechanical recorder. These recorders are either fixed type or portable type and may record the data by different methods discussed below.
  • Photo electric cell method :- In this method, the automatic recorder is actuated by the interruption of a light beam falling on a photo electric cell placed on the road side as a vehicle passes.
  • Electrical method :- In this method, the automatic recorder is actuated by closing of an electric circuit by the passage of a vehicle.
  • Pneumatic method :- In this method, the automatic recorder is actuated by an air switch attached to a flexible hose pipe stretched across the road over which the vehicle passes.
          The main advantage of the methods of automatic recorders is that they can work throughout the day                      and night for the desired period, recording total hourly volume of traffic. But the disadvantage of this method is that the automatic recorders cannot record the type and direction of vehicles. Moreover, the data is not as accurate as  in case of manual counting since two or more vehicles going abreast will be recorded as a single unit.

     3.  Moving car method :- In this method, the number of vehicles met, overtaken and the time taken to     travel are noted by the observer moving in a car once against the traffic and second time alongwith the traffic. Then the volume of traffic is calculated by the following relationship:-
                                   V= x+y
                                         -----
                                         ta +tw

Where, V= Vehicles per minute in one direction.
            X= Number of vehicles met when moving against the desired direction in  ta  minutes.
            Y= Number of vehicles overtaken while moving alongwith the traffic in the direction in  tw minutes.
The accuracy of this method depends upon the number of tests conducted.

Traffic volume count can be collected by the following methods:-
  1. Manual counting:- In this method, a field team of enumerators (traffic persons) is deputed to record traffic volume on the prescribed record sheets in a specified period. A sample of the field sheet which is used for traffic counts.
    The main advantage of this method  is that the field team can record the type and direction of vehicles. However, it is not practicable to do manual counting for all the 24 hours of the day and on all days round the year. But this period is commonly used due to its specific advantage over the method of automatic recorders.
  2. Automatic recorders :- In this method, the total number of vehicles crossing at a road intersection in the desired period is automatically recorded by a mechanical recorder. These recorders are either fixed type or portable type and may record the data by different methods discussed below.
  • Photo electric cell method :- In this method, the automatic recorder is actuated by the interruption of a light beam falling on a photo electric cell placed on the road side as a vehicle passes.
  • Electrical method :- In this method, the automatic recorder is actuated by closing of an electric circuit by the passage of a vehicle.
  • Pneumatic method :- In this method, the automatic recorder is actuated by an air switch attached to a flexible hose pipe stretched across the road over which the vehicle passes.
          The main advantage of the methods of automatic recorders is that they can work throughout the day                      and night for the desired period, recording total hourly volume of traffic. But the disadvantage of this method is that the automatic recorders cannot record the type and direction of vehicles. Moreover, the data is not as accurate as  in case of manual counting since two or more vehicles going abreast will be recorded as a single unit.

     3.  Moving car method :- In this method, the number of vehicles met, overtaken and the time taken to     travel are noted by the observer moving in a car once against the traffic and second time alongwith the traffic. Then the volume of traffic is calculated by the following relationship:-
                                   V= x+y
                                         -----
                                         ta +tw

Where, V= Vehicles per minute in one direction.
            X= Number of vehicles met when moving against the desired direction in  ta  minutes.
            Y= Number of vehicles overtaken while moving alongwith the traffic in the direction in  tw minutes.
The accuracy of this method depends upon the number of tests conducted.

Monday 14 January 2013

Here is few purposes of traffic volume study:-

  • To establish relative importance of any route or road facility.
  • To decide the priority for improvement and expansion of a road and to allot the funds accordingly.
  • To plan and design the existing and new facilities of traffic operations on the road.
  • To make analysis of traffic pattern and trends on the road.
  • To do structeral design of pavements and geometrically design of roads by classified traffic volume study.
  • To plan one-way street and other regulatory measures by volume distribution study.
  • To do design of road intersections, planning signal timings and channelisation by turning movement study.
  • To do planning of side walks, cross walks and pedestrian signals by pedestrian volume study.
  • To do economic studies after estimating the highway user's revenue.

Here is few purposes of traffic volume study:-

  • To establish relative importance of any route or road facility.
  • To decide the priority for improvement and expansion of a road and to allot the funds accordingly.
  • To plan and design the existing and new facilities of traffic operations on the road.
  • To make analysis of traffic pattern and trends on the road.
  • To do structeral design of pavements and geometrically design of roads by classified traffic volume study.
  • To plan one-way street and other regulatory measures by volume distribution study.
  • To do design of road intersections, planning signal timings and channelisation by turning movement study.
  • To do planning of side walks, cross walks and pedestrian signals by pedestrian volume study.
  • To do economic studies after estimating the highway user's revenue.


Here is a few purposes
  • To collect the data about type and volume traffic at present and to estimate the same that the road is expected to carry in near future.
  • To determine the existing facilities such as traffic regulation and control intersection, etc. provided on roads so as to decide the priority for improvement and expansion of any particular road and to allot the funds accordingly.
  • To decide the pavement thickness of the road.
  • To decide geometrical design of the road.
  • To design the drainage system, bridges, culverts, etc.
  • To redesign the road widths, curves, traffic signals, intersections, etc. from the data collected after traffic surveys relating to accidents.
  • To estimate the amount of the road taxes that can be levied.


Here is a few purposes
  • To collect the data about type and volume traffic at present and to estimate the same that the road is expected to carry in near future.
  • To determine the existing facilities such as traffic regulation and control intersection, etc. provided on roads so as to decide the priority for improvement and expansion of any particular road and to allot the funds accordingly.
  • To decide the pavement thickness of the road.
  • To decide geometrical design of the road.
  • To design the drainage system, bridges, culverts, etc.
  • To redesign the road widths, curves, traffic signals, intersections, etc. from the data collected after traffic surveys relating to accidents.
  • To estimate the amount of the road taxes that can be levied.

Sunday 13 January 2013

The following information are usually collected during traffic studies:-

  1. Type of traffic:- It means representation of traffic either by weight or by shape like trucks, buses, private cars, horse-driven vehicles, Single-bullock, double-bullock vehicles, motor cycles, auto-rickshaws, rickshaws, cycles or any other type of traffic.
  2. Volume of traffic :- It means number of vehicles, persons or animals passing a given point on a road during a specified period of time and is usually expressed as vehicles per hour.
  3. Nature of traffic :- It means whether the traffic is heavy during a certain period of the year due to some   festival or harvest or during certain time within the day when the office workers go and come back.
  4. Pupose of traffic :- It means whether the traffic is of business type, recreation or the commodity carried.
  5. Origin and destination of traffic :- It means the places from where traffic originates and where it terminates.
  6. Speed of traffic :- It is recorded by means of traffic counters.
  7. Conditions of traffic :- It means whether the vehicles are properly maintained or not.
  8. Accidents :- It means collision of one road user with the other road user or with the fixed object lying within the road pavement. The data regarding the cause, time, location, and cost of every accident should be noted and recorded.
  9. Any other information of special character :- It includes other necessary data collected during different traffic surveys relating to road, road usersand the environment.

The following information are usually collected during traffic studies:-

  1. Type of traffic:- It means representation of traffic either by weight or by shape like trucks, buses, private cars, horse-driven vehicles, Single-bullock, double-bullock vehicles, motor cycles, auto-rickshaws, rickshaws, cycles or any other type of traffic.
  2. Volume of traffic :- It means number of vehicles, persons or animals passing a given point on a road during a specified period of time and is usually expressed as vehicles per hour.
  3. Nature of traffic :- It means whether the traffic is heavy during a certain period of the year due to some   festival or harvest or during certain time within the day when the office workers go and come back.
  4. Pupose of traffic :- It means whether the traffic is of business type, recreation or the commodity carried.
  5. Origin and destination of traffic :- It means the places from where traffic originates and where it terminates.
  6. Speed of traffic :- It is recorded by means of traffic counters.
  7. Conditions of traffic :- It means whether the vehicles are properly maintained or not.
  8. Accidents :- It means collision of one road user with the other road user or with the fixed object lying within the road pavement. The data regarding the cause, time, location, and cost of every accident should be noted and recorded.
  9. Any other information of special character :- It includes other necessary data collected during different traffic surveys relating to road, road usersand the environment.