What is Map Study or Paper Location?

The process of marking several possible alternative alignments of a road on the topographic map of the area is known as Map Study or Paper Location. A topographic map shows the nature of the area by means of contour lines. This map also shows the position  of Obligatory points such as important towns,...

What Is Road Drainage? Modes Of Water Penetration

The process of removing and controlling the access of surface and sub-surface water within the right-of-way of a road is called road drainage. It also include interception ( collection ) and diversion of water from the road surface and the subgrade. The process of interception and diversion of surface water...

Types Of Earth Roads

Earth roads are of the following two types:- 1) Ordinary earth roads :- The earth road having its foundation and wearing surface consisting of one or two compacted layers of natural soil available along its alignment is called an ordinary earth road. This is the lowest form of pavement surface used so far and...

Construction Of Earth Roads

Earth roads are constructed as detailed below :- Material required :- The materials required for the construction of an ordinary earth road are natural soil, originally availableat site, a suitable stabilizer, if required. The ideal composition of soil which is recommended for construction earth roads. Method...

Requirements Of A Good Road Aggregate

Road aggregate forms the princpal material in the construction of road pavements. Therefore, it should be of good quality. A good road aggregate should fulfill the following requirements:- 1. Hardness :- A good road aggregate should be sufficiently hard i.e. it should offer maximum possible resistance to abrasion. This...

Types Of Curves On Hill Roads

The following are the important types of curves provided on hill Roads:- Hair-Pin Curves ; Salient Curves ; Re-entrant Curves. 1. Hair-pin curves :- The curve in a hill road which changes its direction through an angle of 180 degree  or so, downthe hill on the same side is known as hair-pin curve. A...

What Is Hill Road?

The roads constructed in mountainous regions of a country are known as hill roads or ghat roads. These roads present great difficulty in their alignment, design, construction and maintenance. Curves, sharp bends, sleep gradients and limited width of roadway make hill roads more liable to accidents. Also the...

History Of Development Of Road Pavements In India

It is believed that the oldest mode of travel was on the footpaths later on, with the development of bullock carts and other simple animal drawn vehicles, roads were also developed. These early roads were constructed as kutcha roads, consisting of ordinary earth. The kutcha roads were soon deteriorated under...

What Is Soil? Functions Of Soil Subgrade

The unconsolidated mineral material of earth crust is known as soil. According to IS: 2809-1972, soil is defined as, "sediments or other unconsolidated accumulation of solid particles produced by the physical and chemical disintegration of rocks which may or may not contain organic matter. The soil may also...

What Is Traffic Engineering?

The phase of Highway Engineering which deals with planning and geometrical design of roads, streets, adjoining lands and with traffic operations there on for safe, convenient and economic transportation of persons and goods is known as Traffic Engineering. Present day roads are to serve all types of traffic...

Geometrical Design Of Highways

The phase of highway design which deals with the visible elements of different highways is called feometrical design of highways. A proper geometrical design of a highway essential before its actual construction to provide speed, safety and comfort to the road users. The following ideals should be kept in...

What Is Road Geometrics?

The physical features of a road are known as road geometrics. These physical features have direct connection with the highway users. These are provided according to their      geometrical design in order to facilitate safe and economical of vehicles. Road geometrics include the following elements...

What Is Reinforced Cement Concrete ( R.C.C )?

Reinforced Cement Concrete ( R.C.C ) :- Cement Concrete is quite good  in compressive strength but is very weak in tensile strength. so the use of plain cement concrete is restricted. In most of the cases, the members of a structure are subjected to bending    , shear and torsion...

What is Highway transportation? Importance of highway tranportaion

Highway transportation is the means of detail distribution between homes, shops, factories, e.t.c. It is only the roads which can carry goods from and to aerodromes, harbours and railway stations. Considering the utility of roads anywhere in the different parts of a country, they can be rightly compared to arteries...

What is Highway Surveys?

The various stages of examination of an area so as to locate the road finally in an economical manner are known as highway surveys. Highway Surveys The various surveys to be carried out for locating a highway are reconnaissance survey, preliminary surveys and location survey which shall be discussed...